A disaccharide or biose[1] is the carbohydrate formed when two monosaccharides undergo a condensation reaction which involves the elimination of a small molecule, such as water, from the functional groups only. Like monosaccharides, disaccharides form an aqueous solution when dissolved in water. Three common examples are sucrose, lactose,[2] and maltose.
'Disaccharide' is one of the four chemical groupings of carbohydrates (monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligosaccharide, and polysaccharide).
Common disaccharides
| Disaccharide | Unit 1 | Unit 2 | Bond |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sucrose (table sugar, cane sugar, beet sugar, or saccharose) | Glucose | Fructose | α(1→2)β |
| Lactulose | Galactose | Fructose | β(1→4) |
| Lactose (milk sugar) | Galactose | Glucose | β(1→4) |
| Maltose | Glucose | Glucose | α(1→4) |
| Trehalose | Glucose | Glucose | α(1→1)α |
| Cellobiose | Glucose | Glucose | β(1→4) |
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